Clostridium

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Mme Cristina Rodriguez

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1. Table of contents

II.        Description of the product        2

III.        Area of application        3

IV.        Process description        4

V.        Process diagram        5

VI.        Conclusion        6

VII.        Annexes        6

1. Description of the product

Type of sporulated bacilli, large, Gram-positive, endosporulated, strict anaerobic in their great majority.

(A bacillus is an elongated bacterium known as a "rod-shaped" bacterium, as opposed to the cocci ("round") form. The shape of the bacteria and the Gram stain are criteria for classifying them).  

The genus Clostridium is a bacterial genus grouping together anaerobic gram-positive bacilli, often sporulated, mostly strict anaerobic, usually motile via flagella. A bacillus is an elongated bacterium called "rod-shaped", as opposed to the cocci ("round") form.

The shape of the bacteria and the Gram stain are criteria for classifying them.

In this image, the bacillus is shown in purple  with a long, elongated style.

Ex bacillus :

- The bacillus of Koch: a bacterium that is responsible for tuberculosis. It infiltrates the body through the respiratory tract, and develops in the bones, kidneys, skin, meninges, but most often in the lungs.

-The tetanus bacillus: it is found in the soil and can enter the body through deep wounds. This bacillus releases toxins that initially paralyze muscles and, if left untreated, can be fatal.

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1. Area of application

They are found in soil, aquatic sediments and in the intestines of humans and some animals. Their spores are highly resistant to heat, radiation and chemical agents. Some of these bacteria produce very powerful exotoxins, and many species are pathogenic to humans and animals. There are a total of 150 clostridium emerge from clostridium.

(An exotoxin is a bacterial toxin that diffuses into the environment (as opposed to endotoxin)).

We can therefore understand that this bacterium cannot live in contact with the air and involves the germs responsible for botulism (food poisoning), gangrene (tissue death), or tetanus. This complicates some antibiotic treatment.

Clostridium allows the production of bio-hydrogen because it is responsible for the production of hydrogen through the fermentation of sugars. The production of hydrogen by obscure fermentation is part of a natural process of biodegradation of organic matter called anaerobic digestion. This process consists of the degradation of organic matter in the form of biogas.

It is a very complex set of bacteria with certain ecological, biochemical and pathological characteristics.

A fermentation product is emulsified to prepare a preparation of Clostridium butyricum. This preparation can be used to prepare feed as a feed additive and can replace antibiotics and/or reduce the use of zinc oxide. The above micro-ecological preparation can regulate the micro-ecological balance in the intestinal tract of animals, promote the growth of beneficial bacteria, enhance the non-specific immune function of animals, secrete trophic factors and protease, promote digestion and nutrient absorption, and encourage animal production to improve feed efficiency.

In addition, we have found its use in the cultivation of bioreactors, probiotic properties.

Clostridium allows energy production according to different parameters (pH, Temperature etc...).  

1. Process description

Clostridium acetobutylicum enables the "dark fermentation" of acetone-butanol-ethanol (EBA) as a source of next-generation biofuels.Dark fermentation is a biological process that converts biomass. The majority of bacteria of the genus Clostridium have been observed in the fermentation medium. Various processes are currently being studied, but none has yet been extrapolated on a large scale.

On the other hand, there is a second fermentation that produces hydrogen. Photosynthetic bacteria are capable of producing hydrogen through the action of their nitrogenase. Nitrogenases require energy in the form of ATP. These bacteria therefore need both a light energy source and a chemical energy source. Photosynthetic bacteria are capable of producing hydrogen from various organic acids from waste or effluents. Some authors have given values for light energy conversion by photosynthetic bacteria close to 100%, but these estimates generally ignore the energy input of the organic substrate, and the loss of efficiency at high light intensities.