South Africa : oral d'anglais bac

EXPRESSION ORAL D ANGLAIS

Power refers to the ability to influence the behaviour of others or the political or social authority exercised by a government, individuals or an institution. In addition, if power exists in our society, it means that counter-power exists too and subjects may reject the power. We will choose a framework related to the relations between Power and Resistance : The democratic South Africa is the perfect example of a successful political settlement after years of struggle.

How did South Africa go from the apartheid to the rainbow nation ,symbol of a strong united country ?

we will see the genesis of the apartheid then riots and opposition up to the abolition of apartheid and for finish consequences nowadays.

I-The genesis of the apartheid

Several Afrikaners of the old national Party founded in 1914 reject totally this fusion and prefer to establish their OWN nationalist party and protected the white ascendancy.

In 1948, Policy of Apartheid was adopted when NP takes power. The term, which literally means “apartness,” reflected a violently repressive policy designed to ensure that whites, who comprised 20% of the nation's population, would continue to dominate the country.

From 1949, a series of laws is promulgated to end in the total separation, so geographical, political, social as cultural, of various ethnic groups who populate South Africa. Under this system of segregation ,mixed marriages were prohibited ,individuals were classified by race and physically separated on public places: Separate beaches, separates buses, separate schools, separates toilets ,separate park benches .

Transition :The apartheid began; it is clearly the power which is exercised by individuals minority (whites) influence the majority (blacks): that's why blacks may reject the power with counter-power and so riots and oppositions started.

II-Riots and oppositions up to the abolition of the apartheid

In the late 1960s, the National party perfected their aim : to confine the entire black population to the Bantustans. The International pressure against government begins.

THE ANC is thus forced to act in the underground and decided, at the instigation of Nelson Mandela, to take weapons. But the latter will be arrested in 1962, then sentenced to life imprisonment in 1964.

In 1976, when thousands of black children in Soweto demonstrated against the Afrikaans language requirement for black African students, the police opened fire with tear gas and bullets (more than 600 killed).

The investors and the foreign partners of the country multiplied the economic sanctions as such the Republic of South Africa saw only one outcome: abolish the apartheid.

The reforms was weakening, and in 1989 Botha was pressured to step aside in favour of F.W. de Klerk. A new constitution, which enfranchised blacks and other racial groups, took effect in 1994, and elections that year led to a coalition government with a nonwhites majority with Mandela president, marking the official end of the apartheid system.

Transition